When Philosophy is Actual

When every $P$-flat ideal is flat

In this paper‎, ‎we study the class of rings in which every $P$-flat‎ ‎ideal is flat and which will be called $PFF$-rings‎. ‎In particular‎, ‎Von Neumann regular rings‎, ‎hereditary rings‎, ‎semi-hereditary ring‎, ‎PID and arithmetical rings are examples of $PFF$-rings‎. ‎In the context domain‎, ‎this notion coincide with‎ ‎Pr"{u}fer domain‎. ‎We provide necessary and sufficient conditions for‎...

What Is Philosophy

In What is Philosophy? the distinguished philosopher Dietrich von Hildebrand analyses the datum of knowledge itself in its different forms, from the most casual perception of some object in our naïve experience to "a priori knowledge," taken as consisting of absolutely certain insights into "necessary essences." Plato's central teaching about that kind of human knowledge which transcends the wo...

Exaggerating Accessible Differences: When Gender Stereotypes Overestimate Actual Group Differences.

Stereotypes are often presumed to exaggerate group differences, but empirical evidence is mixed. We suggest exaggeration is moderated by the accessibility of specific stereotype content. In particular, because the most accessible stereotype contents are attributes perceived to differ between groups, those attributes are most likely to exaggerate actual group differences due to regression to the...

Chronobiology predicts actual and proxy outcomes when dipping fails.

To the Editor: As a gauge of variability, dipping, based on day-night ratios of blood pressure, is much discussed,1 with 2194 hits in a search of the literature on the Internet. But, as compared with dipping, a classification based on chronobiological end points (such as the circadian amplitude and phase) interpreted in the light of reference values specified by gender and age offers superior d...

when appropriate statistical analysis is dismissed